![]() Schemas help us to interpret incoming information quickly and effectively, this prevents us from being overwhelmed by the vast amount of information we perceive in our environment. They are based on our previous experience. As you get older, these become more detailed and sophisticated.Ī schema is a “packet of information” or cognitive framework that helps us organise and interpret information. Information processing in humans resembles that in computers.Ĭognitive processing can often be affected by schemas (a mental framework of beliefs and expectations developed from experience).The aim of research is to specify the processes and structures that underlie cognitive performance.These processing systems transform, or alter the information in systematic ways.Information made available from the environment is processed by a series of processing systems (e.g., attention, perception, short-term memory).The information processing approach is based on a number of assumptions, including: The idea of information processing was adopted by cognitive psychologists as a model of how human thought works. Essentially, a computer codes (i.e., changes) information, stores information, uses information, and produces an output (retrieves info). The use of the computer as a tool for thinking how the human mind handles information is known as the computer analogy. The start of the use of computers allowed psychologists to try to understand the complexities of human cognition by comparing it with something simpler and better understood, i.e., an artificial system such as a computer. He referred to these relationships as cognitive maps.īut it was the arrival of the computer that gave cognitive psychology the terminology and metaphor it needed to investigate the human mind. However, Tolman suggested that learning was based on the relationships which formed amongst stimuli. The behaviorists’ view had been that learning took place as a result of associations between stimuli and responses. His book Purposive Behavior in Animals and Man in 1932 described research which behaviorism found difficult to explain. Interest in mental processes had been gradually restored through the work of Piaget and Tolman. The cognitive approach began to revolutionize psychology in the late 1950sand early 1960’s, to become the dominant approach (i.e., perspective) in psychology by the late 1970s. Output processes are responsible for preparing an appropriate response to a stimulus.Storage processes cover everything that happens to stimuli internally in the brain and can include coding and manipulation of the stimuli.Input processes are concerned with the analysis of the stimuli.Information processing models of cognitive processes such as memory and attention assume that mental processes follow a clear sequence. Information processing in humans resembles that in computers, and is based onīased on transforming information, storing information and retrieving information from memory.
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